Description according to manufacturers
Manufacturers have largely reoriented their activities towards services, in line with the functional economy model that has become the norm. They develop rental and subscription models using new technologies. They thus manage to use BC technology, which has become democratised, to "tokenize" their know-how, their services and their subscriptions. The aim is thus to achieve the broadest possible adoption of their services by relying on the exchange platforms offered by the new start-ups, which have partly replaced the former digital giants. The latter indeed coped poorly with the explosion of BC technology and with European regulation that has become more effective.
IoT undergoes massive development in industry and affects the entire value chain. It makes it possible to develop "test and learn" and co-conception, and to take the customer experience into account more directly. Big data still comes up against the difficulty of establishing a genuine "data driven" culture and of recruiting the skill profiles related to data management (data scientists). There is thus a greater shift towards mastering "fast" rather than "big data". Overall, technological developments enable manufacturers to develop mass customisation, to integrate all functions into the workshop, including marketing and sales, and to simulate the entire factory through the use of "digital twins".
From a funding standpoint, companies are increasingly held by private individuals who invest massively through fintechs. This has the effect of increasing uncertainty on the financial markets owing to the fragmentation of trading. It also leads to a strengthening of policies relating to ethics, development and CSR in order to project a positive and attractive image to the general public, which has become a central stakeholder in governance.